Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; María Fernanda Dominguez Ríos; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rahimi
Abstract
At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to ...
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At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to inflammatory attacks. This unique ability substantiates the critical role microglia play in the initial stages of neuroinflammation. Empirical studies have revealed that microglia are proficient in discerning infections or damaged cells, thereby instigating a cytotoxic response that exacerbates the damage inflicted on brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of reactions to injury and may potentially contribute to the process of recuperation and the reinstatement of impaired tissues. It is possible that changing the phenotype of microglia through the regulation of inflammatory pathways is essential in order to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. This study examines potential new treatment paths for modulating neuroinflammation in brain disorders by analyzing canonical proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms in microglia. the primary focus is on the major depressive disorder (MDD), but will also discuss other brain diseases.
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Maria Fernanda Dominguez Rios
Abstract
It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease ...
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It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and progress to the brain. Numerous studies provide credence to the idea that the microbiota in one's gut communicates with one's brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) via way of the immune system, a certain amino acid metabolism, and the neurological system. Through what has become known as the "gut microbiota-brain axis" (GMBA), the gut microbiota is thought to play an important part in the modulation of several neurochemical pathways.In the process of mediating the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the physiology of the host, many of the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, carry signaling activities. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the quantity of amino acids and species-specific alterations of amino acids, such as glutamate and tryptophan, may interfere with the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal operation of the basal ganglia. Certain amino acids and the receptors that bind to them are being looked at as new possible targets for the treatment of PD. The purpose of the current investigation was to compile and analyze all of the evidence that is currently available on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolic changes that are related with PD.
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